![]() ![]() ![]() These teachers sometimes look down on their students and gloat over how far they have come and how far the students have to go. This ""presumption of enlightenment,"" she says, often afflicts teachers masquerading as spiritual leaders. In the first section, Caplan examines the motivations people have for seeking enlightenment and contends that very often they seek this state as a means of gratifying the ego. Caplan compiles interviews with such noted spiritual masters as Joan Halifax, Andrew Cohen, Llewellyn Vaughan-Lee and Rabbi Zalman Schachter-Shalomi on the nature of enlightenment. Caplan (Untouched) asserts that ""the reality of the present condition of contemporary spirituality in the West is one of grave distortion, confusion, fraud, and a fundamental lack of education."" She claims that, as positive as the tremendous rise in spirituality is, there is not any context for determining whether any particular teaching, or teacher, is truly enlightening. ![]()
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